Web and Online Materials

Guidelines for Williams students. Use print style manuals for more detailed information.

Note: Different web browsers break the text in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.

Web Page

APA

in text:
(Centers for Disease Control, 2009)

reference list:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). 2009 H1N1 Flu ("Swine Flu") and You. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm
Chicago
(Note)

note:

1. Norman R. Yetman, "An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives," Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938, last modified March 23, 2001, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snintro00.html.

bibliography:

Yetman, Norman R. "An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives." Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938. Last modified March 23, 2001. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snintro00.html.

Also include a publication date or date of revision or modification (see 14.8); if no such date can be determined, include an access date (see 14.7).
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Yetman)

reference list:

Yetman, Norman R. 2001. "An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives." Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.
MLA

in text:
(Pilgrim)

bibliography:

Pilgrim, David. "The Brute Caricature." Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia. Ferris State University. Nov. 2000. Web. 20 May 2009.

Note: If your instructor requires it, include the URL immediately following the date of access, a period, and a space. Enclose the URL in angle brackets (<>), and follow it with a period. For more details on citing works on the Web, see section 5.6 of the MLA Handbook.
ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

National Library of Medicine. Environmental Health and Toxicology: Specialized Information Services. http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html (accessed Aug 23, 2004).

Article from a Full-text Database

APA

APA does not make a distinction among types of online articles. Use the generic article citation example.

in text:
(Oware, 1995)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454
Chicago
(Note)

note:

5. Wendy Zellner, "An Insider's Tale Of Enron's Toxic Culture," Business Week, March 31, 2003, 16, LexisNexis Academic.

bibliography:

Zellner, Wendy. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic Culture." Business Week March 31, 2003, 16. LexisNexis Academic.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Zellner 2003)

reference list:

Zellner, Wendy. 2003. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic Culture." Business Week March 31, 16. http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/
s_guidednews.html.
MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Andreatta 51)

bibliography:

Andreatta, Filippo. "Italy at a Crossroads: The Foreign Policy of a Medium Power after the End of Bipolarity." Daedalus 130.2: 45-65. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 9 March 2009.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Begley, S. When Does Your Brain Stop Making New Neurons? Newsweek [Online] July 2, 2007, p 62. Expanded Academic Index. http:/galegroup.com (accessed Aug 23, 2007).

Article from an E-Journal Collection

APA

APA does not make a distinction among types of online articles. Use the generic article citation example.

in text:
(Oware, 1995)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454
Chicago
(Note)

note:

6. Miguel Edward, "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania," World Politics 56, no.3 (2004): 330, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.

bibliography:

Miguel, Edward. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics 56, no. 3 (2004): 327-362. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec.14.184 for more information and example.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Oakley 1998)

reference list:

Miguel, Edward. 2004. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics 56 (3): 327-362. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 15.9 for more information and examples.
MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Brooks 177)

bibliography:

Brooks, Gwendolyn. "Henry Dumas: Perceptiveness and Zeal." Black American Literature Forum 22.2 (1988): 177. JSTOR. Web. 9 March 2009.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Peacock-Lopez, E. Exact Solutions of the Quantum Double Square-Well Potential. Chem. Ed. [Online] 2007, 11, 383-393 http://chemeducator.org/bibs/0011006/11060380lb.htm (accessed Aug 23, 2007).

Article from a free web e-journal

APA

APA does not make a distinction among types of online articles. Use the generic article citation example.

in text:
(Oware, 1995)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454
Chicago
(Note)

note:

7. Robert Shrum, "Taxing Clinton's Character," Slate, June 25, 1996, http://slate.msn.com/id/1573/.

bibliography:

Shrum, Robert. "Taxing Clinton's Character." Slate, June 25, 1996. http://slate.msn.com/id/.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style 14.184 for more information and example.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Shrum 1996)

reference list:

Shrum, Robert. 1996. "Taxing Clinton's Character." Slate, June 25. http://slate.msn.com/id/.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 15.9 for more information and example.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
If the work does not have page numbers or paragraph numbers, include in the text the name of the person that begins the corresponding entry in the works cited list, instead of using a parenthetical reference. For more information see MLA Handbook sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.
"Castle points out..."

bibliography:

Castle, Robert. "From Desperation to Salvation: Concealing and Revealing Nothing in History." Archipelago 6.3 (2003): n. pag. Web. 9 March 2009.

Note: n. pag. means that the publication does not have pagination.