Articles

Guidelines for Williams students. Use print style manuals for more detailed information.

Journal Articles, One Author

APA

in text:
(Oware, 2009)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454

Chicago (Note)

note:

1. Ilya Bodonski, "Caring among the Forgotten," Journal of Social Activism 14, no.3 (1989):117.

bibliography:

Bodonski, Ilya. "Caring among the Forgotten." Journal of Social Activism 14, no.3 (1989): 112-34.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Bondonski 1989)

reference list:

Bondonski, Ilya. 1989. "Caring Among the Forgotten." Journal of Social Activism 14 (Fall): 112-34.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Wolff 231)

bibliography:

Wolff, Larry. "'The Boys are Pickpockets, and the Girl is a Prostitute': Gender and Juvenile Criminality in Early Victorian England from Oliver Twist to London Labour." New Literary History 27.2 (1996): 227-249. Print.

Note: Provide issue numbers (if available) in addition to volume numbers, for all items in the Works Cited list, even if the volume pagination is continuous. See section 5.4.1 of MLA Handbook.

Journal Articles, Multiple Authors

APA

in text:
(Ko, Yen, Liua, Huanga, & Yen, 2009)

reference list:

Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Liua, S. C., Huanga, C. F., & Yen, C. F. (2009). The associations between aggressive behaviors and internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 6, 598-605. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.011

in text:
(Burger et al., 2007)

reference list:

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Jeitner, C., Burke, S., Stamm, T., Snigaroff, R., ... Weston, J. (2007). Mercury levels and potential risk from subsistence foods from the Aleutians. Science of The Total Environment, 384, 93-105. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.004

When authors number eight or more, include the first six names, then three ellipses, and then the last author's name. (Publication Manual, Chapter 7.01.2)

Chicago
(Note)

note:

2. Arthur Carter and Margaret Speigel, "Childhood in Alsace," Journal of Modern History 74, no.4 (2002):741.

bibliography:

Carter, Arthur and Margaret Speigel. "Childhood in Alsace." Journal of Modern History 74, no.4 (2002):738-79.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Liker and Szekely 1997)

reference list:

Liker, Andras and Tamas Szekely. 1997. "Aggression Among Female Lapwings, Vanellus vanellus. Animal Behaviour. 54 (3): 797-802.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Millán-Zaibert and Zaibert 33)

bibliography:

Millán-Zaibert, Elisabeth and Leo Zaibert. "El Análisis Filosófico." Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 627 (2002): 29-35. Print.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Evans, D. A.; Fitch, D. M.; Smith, T. E.; Cee, V. J. Application of Complex Aldol Reactions to the Total Synthesis of Phorboxazole B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10033-10046.

Magazine Articles

APA

in text:
(Henry, 1990)

reference list:

Henry, W. A., III (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135(4), 28-31.

 

Chicago
(Note)

note:

3. Scott Spencer, "Childhood's End," Harper's, May 1979, 16.

bibliography:

Spencer, Scott. "Childhood's End." Harper's, May 1979, 16-19.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Birnbaum 1998)

reference list:

Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. 1998. "How to Succeed at Damage Control." Fortune, March 30, 173-176.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Lerner 42)

bibliography:

Lerner, Barbara. "America's Schools: Still Failing After All These Years." National Review 15 Sep. 1997: 42+. Print.

Note: use the + sign if the pages are not consecutive; 42-44 would be the correct way if this article ran on consecutive pages; do not give the volume and issue number, even if they are available.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Manning, R. Super Organics. Wired, May 2004, pp 176-181.

Newspapers

APA

in text:
(Young, 2003)

reference list:

Young, J. (2003, February 14). Prozac campus: More students seek counseling and take psychiatric medication. The Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. A37-38.

If the article was found through the newspaper's website, include "Retrieved from" and the URL of the home page. (Publication Manual, 7.01.11)

Chicago
(Note)

note:

4. Steven Erlanger, "Pact on Israeli Pullback Hinges on Defining Army's Role," New York Times, sec. A, May 8, 1998.
"Because a newspaper's issue of any given day may include several editions, and items may be moved or eliminated in various editions, page numbers are best omitted." (CMS 14.203)

bibliography:

Newspapers are usually cited in notes, not bibliographies. (CMS 14.206) If a bibliographic entry is included, it would be formatted as follows:

Erlanger, Steve. "Pact on Israeli Pullback Hinges on Defining Army's Role," New York Times, May 8, 1998, sec. A.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

It is preferable to include newspaper references in running text (CMS 15.47).

Example: In his 8 May 1998 New York Times article "Pact on Israeli Pullback Hinges on Defining Army's Role," Steven Erlanger states...

If the newspaper citation needs to be included in the reference list, follow this model:

Erlanger, Steven. 1998. "Pact on Israeli Pullback Hinges on Defining Army's Role." New York Times, May 8, sec. A.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Kennedy N1)

bibliography:

Kennedy, Louise. "Same Old Song." Boston Globe 9 March 2003, late ed.: N1+. Print.

Article from a Full-text Database

Note: Different web browsers break the text in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.

APA

APA does not make a distinction among types of online articles. Use the generic article citation example.

in text:
(Oware, 1995)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454

Chicago
(Note)

note:

5. Wendy Zellner, "An Insider's Tale Of Enron's Toxic Culture," Business Week, March 31, 2003, 16, LexisNexis Academic.

bibliography:

Zellner, Wendy. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic Culture." Business Week March 31, 2003, 16. LexisNexis Academic.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Zellner 2003)

reference list:

Zellner, Wendy. 2003. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic Culture." Business Week March 31, 16. http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/
s_guidednews.html.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Andreatta 51)

bibliography:

Andreatta, Filippo. "Italy at a Crossroads: The Foreign Policy of a Medium Power after the End of Bipolarity." Daedalus 130.2: 45-65. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 9 March 2009.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Begley, S. When Does Your Brain Stop Making New Neurons? Newsweek [Online] July 2, 2007, p 62. Expanded Academic Index. http:/galegroup.com (accessed Aug 23, 2007).

Article from an E-Journal Collection

Note: Different web browsers break the text in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.

APA

APA does not make a distinction among types of online articles. Use the generic article citation example.

in text:
(Oware, 1995)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454

Chicago
(Note)

note:

6. Miguel Edward, "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania," World Politics 56, no.3 (2004): 330, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.

bibliography:

Miguel, Edward. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics 56, no. 3 (2004): 327-362. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec.14.184 for more information and example.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Oakley 1998)

reference list:

Miguel, Edward. 2004. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics 56 (3): 327-362. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v056/56.3miguel.html.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 15.9 for more information and examples.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Brooks 177)

bibliography:

Brooks, Gwendolyn. "Henry Dumas: Perceptiveness and Zeal." Black American Literature Forum 22.2 (1988): 177. JSTOR. Web. 9 March 2009.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Peacock-Lopez, E. Exact Solutions of the Quantum Double Square-Well Potential. Chem. Ed. [Online] 2007, 11, 383-393 http://chemeducator.org/bibs/0011006/11060380lb.htm (accessed Aug 23, 2007).

Article from a free web e-journal

Note: Different web browsers break the text in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.

APA

APA does not make a distinction among types of online articles. Use the generic article citation example.

in text:
(Oware, 1995)

reference list:

Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454

Chicago
(Note)

note:

7. Robert Shrum, "Taxing Clinton's Character," Slate, June 25, 1996, http://slate.msn.com/id/1573/.

bibliography:

Shrum, Robert. "Taxing Clinton's Character." Slate, June 25, 1996. http://slate.msn.com/id/.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style 14.184 for more information and example.

Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Shrum 1996)

reference list:

Shrum, Robert. 1996. "Taxing Clinton's Character." Slate, June 25. http://slate.msn.com/id/.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 15.9 for more information and example.

MLA

parenthetical reference:
If the work does not have page numbers or paragraph numbers, include in the text the name of the person that begins the corresponding entry in the works cited list, instead of using a parenthetical reference. For more information see MLA Handbook sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.
"Castle points out..."

bibliography:

Castle, Robert. "From Desperation to Salvation: Concealing and Revealing Nothing in History." Archipelago 6.3 (2003): n. pag. Web. 9 March 2009.

Note: n. pag. means that the publication does not have pagination.